THE MEGA ST
by Torbjørn Ose
(From the introduction in the manual...)
Your Atari MEGA STE computer system combines the latest micro-
computer technology with an easily understood and simple-to-use
working environment. MEGA STE computers come standard with the
following:
* A 16 Mhz 68000 processor
* A palette of 4.096 colors; three different video modes
* An 80-column display
* Two or four megabytes of RAM, depending on the model.
* An optional 68881/2 floating point coprocessor for faster
information processing
* A built-in double-sides floppy disk drive that stores up to
726.016 bytes of information
* A built-in hard disk drive
* Ports for adding: an additional floppy disk drive, ACSI (DMA)
devices, a parallel device, serial devices, MIDI instruments,
and stereo speakers
* A Local Area Network (LAN) interface
* A VMEbus for high speed asynchronous parallel data transfer
* A cache option for faster information processing
* The operating system, TOS, permanently installed in memory.
TOS includes GEM, the powerful Graphics Environment Manager.
GEM provides the visual representation of the computer's
operations
* The Control Panel desk accessory contained on the built-in
hard disk drive and on the USA Language floppy startup disk
* A complete collection of hard disk utilities on the Atari Hard
Disk Utilities disk
APPENDIX E
MEGA STE COMPUTER SPECIFICATIONS
Processor 16 MHz 68000 processor
Math Coprocessor
(optional) 68881/2 floating point coprocessor
Memory 2 or 4 megabytes of RAM, depending on
the model
Graphics Resolutions ST Low (320 * 200 *16)
ST Medium (640 * 200 *4)
ST High (640 * 400 *2)
Color Palette of 4.096 colors
Interfaces Midi In and Midi Out ports
VME-compatible Eurocard (A24,D16) -
expansion slot
Monitor port
Television port
Parallel port
1 Serial port
2 fully configured RS 232 Modem ports
Floppy Disk port (includes controller)
LAN Interface
ACSI DEMA port (10 megabits per second
DMA transfer rate)
ROM cartridge port (128K capacity)
Mouse/joystick and Joystick ports
Stereo ports
Sound Generator Pulse Code Modulated (PCM) sound (8-bit
digital-to-analog sound converters)
3 voices from 30Hz to above audible
range; built in amplitude envelopes and
noise generator
Keyboard 95-key intelligent keyboard using its
own microprocessor
Power Consumption 95 Watts (maximum)
Ambient Temperature 41 to 113F (5 to 45C), operating or
idle,
-4 to 149F (-20 to 65C), storage,
-40 to 149F (-40 to 65C), transport
Relative Humidity 20 to 80%, operating or idle,
(noncondensing) up to 95%, storage and
transport
Physical Characteristics
Height: 3.54 inches (90 mm)
Width: 19.29 inches (490 mm)
Depth: 11.41 inches (290 mm)
internal power supply
(--- end of stuff from the manual ---)
I guess everybody must have heard about Atari's latest computer,
the MEGA STE. I finally got mine a few days ago, only a month
late (which is a new record). My machine is one of the 1 meg
machines without hard disk, but DigiCorp (where I bough my
machine) installed another megabyte of RAM and the same HD that's
supplied with other MEGA STE machines.
OK, what is the difference between a normal STE and the MEGA
STE?
HARDWARE
External stuff:
The first thing you notice when you look at a MEGA STE is that
it doesn't look like the old MEGA ST computers. Atari has used
the same casing and keyboard that are used for the TT computer.
The color is the usual Atari-grey we all know. Ventilation
appears to be good, and the fan isn't too loud.
Case front side:
The casing has been described as "not pizza-box style, but more
like a wedding-cake-box." It looks a bit like two boxes (one for
the CPU/floppy and one for the Hard Disk) in a cabinet. The front
contains:
- Power-, Floppy- & HD-control lights
- The floppy drive
- An "Atari MEGA/STE" logo
Case left side:
Contains:
- Keyboard-socket (phone-style plug)
- Cartridge Slot
- The two MIDI ports
- The new LAN port (8 pin Mini-DIN female RS-422)
- The RESET button.
Case right side:
Contains nothing!
Case rear side:
Contains:
- The Stereo Audio jacks
- The power socket
- The on/off switch
- Two serial ports
- The VMEbus port (always filled up with another serial port
when you buy a MEGA STE)
- The parallel port
- The ACSI/DMA port
- The RF port (Television)
- The Monitor port
- The External Floppy port
Keyboard:
The keyboard is very nice, it's got the same 'feel' you get on
EXPENSIVE keyboards (like on Sparc- and DEC-stations). The
function keys are redesigned and in my opinion better than the
old ones. The mouse port is on the right-hand side of the
keyboard (not the best place to put it, but far better than on
non-mega computers) and the joystick port on the left-hand side.
The cable is nice, long and off-white. There are two
'extractable' feets under the keyboard, and it's also possible to
'mold' the keyboard to the front of the CPU casing.
Internal stuff:
On the MEGA STE you can put the processor into 3 modes:
- 8 MHz (identical to a normal STE)
- 16MHz (internal operations are twice as fast)
- 16MHz with cache (everything is VERY fast)
The new hardware register at $ffff8e20 take care of the
processor mode.
RAM is easily upgraded using SIM modules, just open the HD cover
and plug in more RAM.
There is a blitter, just like in a normal STE.
Video & Sound hardware is identical to a normal STE.
Many of the chips you might want to replace are socketed.
I just upgraded to 4meg RAM, and it took about 10 minutes!!!
SOFTWARE (TOS 2.05)
Desktop:
TOS 2.05 is just so much better than the old versions that words
cant possibly describe it. I'll just list some of the features...
The pull-down menu (left to right):
Desk -
Desktop Info
Accessories as usual...
Control panel (xcontrol.acc) if installed
File -
Open
Show Information
Search (Select files that match in current window)
----
Delete Item
----
Create Folder
Close Directory
Close Top Window
Bottom to Top
Select All Items
Set File Mask
----
Format Floppy Disk
View -
Show as icons
Show as text
----
Sort by Name
Sort by Date
Sort by Size
Sort by Type
No Sort
----
Size to Fit
----
Set Color & Style
Options -
Install Icon
Install Application
Install Devices
Remove Desktop Icon
----
Set Preferences
Read .INF File
Desktop Configuration
----
Save Desktop
Print Screen
----
Blitter
*****
It's possible to define keyboard shortcuts for EVERYTHING on the
pull-down menus. These will show up in the menu like this:
Save Desktop [V] (if 'V' is your key)
It's also possible to assign programs to the 20 function keys
(no-shift/shift).
The 'HELP' key gives you two boxes of text describing the other
built-in keyboard shortcuts:
[ALT]+Open Folder - Open folder into a new window
[CTRL][?] - Replace top window with drive ?
[ALT][?] - Open drive ? into a new window
arrows - scroll window contents
[ESC] - Update top window
[HELP] - Show help menu
[UNDO] - Stop any file operation
[CTRL][ALT][RSHIFT][DEL] - Cold boot
[CTRL][ALT][DEL] - Warm boot
[CTRL]+Drag files - Move files
[CTRL][ALT]+Drag files - Move and rename files
[ALT]+Drag files - Copy and rename files
[ALT][HELP] - Dump screen to printer
[ALT][1..6] - Change resolution
[CR] - Deselect all items
[>] - Print top window contents
Because of this you hardly ever have to use the mouse... A VERY
nice move by the Atari programmers.
Control panel:
The new control panel does look and feel a bit like a Mac, but
that is not meant to be negative!
The control panel has (default, more can be added) the following
features:
* Shows time and date
* Options/About
* Options/Setup - 12/24 hour time display, # of CPX slots, CPX
directory
* Color setup - RGB sliders for available colors (16/4/2)
* Configure CPXs - Text/Icon color, RAM resident or not
* General Setup - Shows TOS version, TOS date, free RAM, set
response rate, set repeat rate, set mouse click speed, blitter
on/off, CPU speed (8/16/16cache)
* Mouse accellerator & screen saver (watch modem on/off)
* Modem stuff - the usual stuff
* Sound - Balance, bass, treble and volume
* Window colors - The windows are now fully configurable (16
colors in low-res, 4 in medium). Any part of a window can be
modified (color, fill-pattern...) Looks really nice...
Additional extensions can be added later, they are called CPXs
because of their .CPX file extension. Another VERY nice
improvement.
SPEED
Gregory Carter posted these Quick Index 1.8 figures on Usenet a
while ago, they should be enough to give you the genereal idea:
TOS 1.0 TOS 1.4 TOS 1.6
---------------------------------------------------------------
Cpu Memory 165% ---- ----
Reg 205% ---- ----
Divide 204% ---- ----
Shifts 208% 207% ----
DMA 64K read 5680% ---- ----
Gemdos Files 1583% 1607% ----
Disk RPM 2408 ---- ----
TOS Text 121%/536%(Turbo) 386%(Turbo) 342%(Turbo)
String 118%/1911%(Turbo) 1288%(Turbo) 1181%(Turbo)
Scroll 181%/195%(Turbo) 140%(Turbo) 110%(Turbo)
GEM Dialog 209%/460%(Turbo) 437%(Turbo) 276%(Turbo)
(Turbo = Turbo ST installed)
The harddisk controller has been improved/redesigned and it's
supposed to be at least 3 times faster than the SH204. The
standard drive is a Seagate 157N (28 ms).
Why does it take so long to boot???
A quick look into the ROM reveals that there is a 90 second
delay every time you turn on (or cold-boot) the computer. This is
to allow DMA devices to get ready (especially hard-drives need
some time to get the right speed and so on..). It does in fact do
what some PD utilities does for TOS versions < 2.05 (Duck, HDwait
and others...). You may cut the delay short by pressing a key as
stated on page 2-4 in the manual: "... When the internal hard
drive has completed it's initialization, press any key. Pressing
a key at this stage speeds up the startup process by a consider-
able amount of time. (The hard disk drive makes a certain sound
during initialization. When initialization is complete, the sound
stops.) The desktop displays. ..."
This works when booting from a floppy disk as well.
Another nice one from the Atari programmers.
The new desktop.inf (newdesk.inf)
Atari have renamed the desktop.inf file to newdesk.inf, most
likely because of the major changes. The operating system does
still recognise the old 'desktop.inf' files though (Without the
irritating medium resolution bug from TOS 1.60!!). The Mega STE
is not able to create a normal 'desktop.inf' file though!
Just some notes
- The <shift> keys now work like they should in Devpack, ST NEWS
and other essentials :-) (This didn't work in TOS 1.6x)
- The 18-character file-name bug from TOS 1.6? has been removed.
(Clicking on these filenames gave you the show/print/cancel box
about 7 out of 10 times even if it was an executable file...)
- There are 4 new Xbios calls (41-44)
- Atari did not include the extra Joystick/Analog ports(!) (Don't
ask me why...)
- There is nothing wrong with the cartridge port (some rumours
claimed that there were timing problems). At least my cartridge
works, and that's all I need!
- A lot of the early machines has a buggy DMA/Shifter/MMU chip
which must be replaced. Including mine :-(
- ST NEWS works and is VERY fast. Nice programming Stefan!
- Spectrum pictures looks just like on a normal STE (no timing
problems in 8MHz mode.
- My Sync scrolling rout works (although why anybody would like
to use Sync scrolling on a machine with built in hardware
scrolling is beyond me...)
- Border killing works... At least those that worked on normal
STE machines
- The Phantom Typist hasn't struck me yet! (1st Word 3.20TT)
- The Serial/Modem ports are now 9 PIN ports.. (They probably did
this to save space and make money on adapters)
- There's only about 16K free in the 256K TOS 2.05
- Atari is supposed to have set up a factory in Israel to produce
16MHz floppy controllers. Since the floppy-controller chip is
socketed a 1.44meg upgrade is probably just around the corner.
Another nice move by Atari.
- It's in fact possible to install a High-Density drive and run
the current chip at 16MHz just by flicking dip-switch no. 7.
The chip was never ment to run above 10 though, so watch your
fingertips!! (The chip will be HOT!)
- Most chips are in sockets, including the two ROM chips, making
upgrades/repairs a lot easier. Another nice touch!
BUGS
As we all know Atari never release a new version of TOS without
adding one or more new bugs. The most annoying bug they've
managed to put into TOS 2.05 is at the beginning of the ROM:
MOVE.W #$2700,SR
RESET
CMPI.L #$FA52235F,$FA0000
BNE.S LE0004C
LEA LE0004C(PC),A6
JMP $FA0004
LE0004C LEA LE00054(PC),A6
BRA $E0088E ; Check RAM config.
LE00054 BNE.S LE0007E ; <- **** THE BUG ****
MOVE.B $424.W,$FFFF8001.W
LE0005C CMPI.L #$31415926,$426.W ; reset magic???
BNE.S LE0007E
MOVE.L $42A.W,D0
TST.B $42A.W ; 24 bit value???
BNE.S LE0007E
BTST #0,D0 ; even adress???
BNE.S LE0007E
MOVEA.L D0,A0
LEA LE0005C(PC),A6
JMP (A0) ; Execute reset routine
LE0007E LEA $FFFF8800.W,A0
MOVE.B #7,(A0)
MOVE.B #$C0,2(A0)
MOVE.B #$E,(A0)
MOVE.B #7,2(A0)
CLR.W $FFFF8900.W
...
This is what it should have looked like:
MOVE.W #$2700,SR
RESET
CMPI.L #$FA52235F,$FA0000
BNE.S LE0004C
LEA LE0004C(PC),A6
JMP $FA0004
LE0004C LEA LE00054(PC),A6
BRA $E0088E ; Check RAM config.
LE00054 BNE.S LE0005C ; not valid mconfig.
MOVE.B $424.W,$FFFF8001.W
LE0005C CMPI.L #$31415926,$426.W ; reset magic???
BNE.S LE0007E
MOVE.L $42A.W,D0
TST.B $42A.W ; 24 bit value???
BNE.S LE0007E
BTST #0,D0 ; even adress???
BNE.S LE0007E
MOVEA.L D0,A0
LEA LE0005C(PC),A6 ; return with jmp(a6)
JMP (A0) ; Execute reset routine
LE0007E LEA $FFFF8800.W,A0
MOVE.B #7,(A0)
MOVE.B #$C0,2(A0)
MOVE.B #$E,(A0)
MOVE.B #7,2(A0)
CLR.W $FFFF8900.W
...
As you can see the bit that checks the reset-vector is skipped
if the memory-configuration is invalid. Most 'Reset'-demos won't
work because the memory configuration is rarely valid in a demo.
I've tried about 15 demos and not ONE reset-demo worked.
Let's hope Atari remove this one in the next TOS version...
(YES!, I agree with those who think this isn't really a bug but
more like what it should have looked like in TOS 1.0... BUT(!!)
changing it NOW is a BIG mistake by the Atari programmers.)
So if you're a demo programmer please remember to keep the
memory configuration valid:
MOVE.L #$752019F3,$420.W
MOVE.L #$237698AA,$43A.W
MOVE.L #$5555AAAA,$51A.W
OR make 'reset' demos available from the menu. If you don't a
lot of people will never see your brilliant 'reset' screen!
You could also avoid using the RAM area between $420 and $51E.
Atari also managed to screw up the serial-port routines AGAIN,
so if you're into modems: get the bug-fixes.
Conclusion
If you can afford a Mega STE, BUY ONE!!!
Disclaimer
The text of the articles is identical to the originals like they appeared
in old ST NEWS issues. Please take into consideration that the author(s)
was (were) a lot younger and less responsible back then. So bad jokes,
bad English, youthful arrogance, insults, bravura, over-crediting and
tastelessness should be taken with at least a grain of salt. Any contact
and/or payment information, as well as deadlines/release dates of any
kind should be regarded as outdated. Due to the fact that these pages are
not actually contained in an Atari executable here, references to scroll
texts, featured demo screens and hidden articles may also be irrelevant.